TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT – 1 BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM

1.1 FACTORS OF PRODUCTION

1.2 OPPORTUNITY COST AND SCARCITY (BASIC ECONOMIC PROBLEM)

1.3 PRODUCTION POSSIBILITY CURVE

UNIT – 2 DEMAND SUPPLY AND EQUILIBRIUM

2.2 DEMAND

2.3 MARKET EQUILIBRIUM & CHANGES IN EQUILIBRIUM

UNIT – 3 ELASTICITY

3.1 PRICE ELASTICITY OF DEMAND (PED)

3.2 PRICE ELASTICITY OF SUPPLY (PES)

3.3 ELASTICITY AND TAX INCIDENCE

UNIT – 4 PRODUCTION AND COST

4.1 PRIMARY, SECONDARY & TERTIARY SECTORS

4.2 TYPES OF COSTS

4.3 DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION

4.4 ECONOMIES & DISECONOMIES OF SCALE

4.5 SMALL FIRMS

4.6 SOURCES OF GROWTH OF FIRMS & INTEGRATION

4.7 PROFIT MAXIMISATION

UNIT – 5 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

5.1 TYPES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

5.2 MULTINATIONALS

UNIT – 6 MARKET STRUCTURES

6.1 MARKET STRUCTURES

6.2 ARE MONOPOLIES ARE ALWAYS BAD FOR CONSUMERS?

UNIT – 7 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS & ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES

7.1 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC SECTOR

7.2 LABOUR INTENSIVE VS CAPITAL INTENSIVE METHOD

7.3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

UNIT – 8 MARKET FAILURE

8.1 SOCIAL COSTS AND BENEFITS

8.2 CAUSES OF MARKET FAILURE

8.3 WHY GOVERNMENT PRODUCE GOODS & SERVICES

8.4 GOVERNMENT POLICIES AND THEIR LIMITATIONS

UNIT – 9 LABOUR MARKET

9.1 FACTORS DETERMINING WAGE RATE

9.2 WAGE DIFFERENTIALS

9.3 TRADE UNIONS

9.4 FACTORS AFFECTING CHOICE OF OCCUPATION

9.5 TYPES OF PAYMENTS

9.6 CHANGES IN EARNING IN LIFETIME

UNIT – 10 SPENDING, SAVING AND BORROWING

10.1 MOTIVES TO SPEND OR SAVE

10.2 SPENDING PATTERNS

UNIT – 11 GOVT INTERVENTION

11.1 TYPES OF TAXES SYSTEM AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

11.2 DIRECT & INDIRECT TAXES

11.3 REASONS FOR TAXATION

11.4 OBJECTIVE AND FINANCE OF GOVERNMENT SPENDING

11.5 GOVERNMENT BUDGET

UNIT – 12 MONEY AND BANKING

12.1 FUNCTIONS OF MONEY

12.2 FUNCTION OF CENTRAL BANK

12.3 FUNCTION OF COMMERCIAL BANK

UNIT – 13 NATIONAL INCOME, AD & AS

13.1 NATIONAL INCOME

13.2 AD AND AS

UNIT – 14 INFLATION

14.1 MEANING OF INFLATION

14.2 CAUSES OF INFLATION

14.3 MEASUREMENT OF INFLATION

14.4 EFFECTS OF INFLATION

14.5 ACTUAL VALUE VS PERCENTAGE VALUE

UNIT – 15 EMPLOYMENT & UNEMPLOYMENT

15.1 MEANING OF UNEMPLOYMENT

15.2 TYPES & CAUSES OF UNEMPLOYMENT

15.3 EFFECTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT

15.4 FULL EMPLOYMENT

UNIT – 16 ECONOMIC GROWTH

16.1 ECONOMIC GROWTH

16.2 CAUSES OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

16.3 MEANING AND MEASUREMENT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH

UNIT – 17 POPULATION

17.1 FACTORS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION

17.2 AGEING POPULATION

17.3 TYPES OF POPULATION AND EFFECTS OF GROWTH IN POPULATION

UNIT – 18 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & STANDARD OF LIVING

18 STANDARD OF LIVING

18.1 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

18.2 ABSOLUTE VS RELATIVE POVERTY

18.3 CAUSES AND POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & POVERTY

UNIT – 19 INTERNATIONAL TRADE

19.1 REASONS FOR SPECIALIZATION AND TRADE

19.2 METHODS OF PROTECTIONISM

19.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FREE TRADE AND PROTECTIONISM

UNIT – 20 EXCHANGE RATE

20.1 MEANING OF EXCHANGE RATE

20.2 EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEMS

20.3 EFFECTS OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES

20.4 ADVANTAGES/DISADVANTAGE OF EXCHANGE RATE SYSTEM

20.5 CAUSES OF EXCHANGE RATE DEPP/APP

UNIT – 21 BALANCE OF PAYMENT

21.1 BOP ACCOUNTS

21.2 CAUSES OF BOP DEFICIT/SURPLUS

21.3 EFFECTS OF BOP DEFICIT OR SURPLUS

UNIT – 22 GOVERNMENT MACROECONOMIC INTERVENTION

22.1 MACROECONOMIC AIMS & CONFLICTS

22.2 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT

22.3 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND EMPLOYMENT

20.4 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR INFLATION

20.5 MACROECONOMIC POLICIES FOR MULTIPLE AIMS

UNIT – 23 OTHERS

SECTION A   202

J04/P2/Q1

N04/P2/Q1 DECLINE IN WORLD SUPPLY OF COTTON

J05/P2/Q1 EUROPEAN RECESSION

N05/P2/Q1 LESOTHO NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION

J06/P2/Q1 DEMAND FOR OIL IN INDIA

N06/P2/Q1 TRADE AND PRODUCTION IN BANGLADESH

J07/P2/Q1 AIRLINE INDUSTRY LOSSES

N07/P2/Q1 THE ROYAL MAIL

J08/P2/Q1 UK RAILWAY OPERATION

N08/P2/Q1 POPULATION IN BOTSWANA

J09/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UGANDA

N09/P2/Q1

J10/P2/Q1 ECONOMIC DOWNTURN PUTS PRESSURE ON NEW ZEALAND FIRMS TO BE MORE

PRODUCTIVE 221

N10/P2/Q1 THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK MEETS IN INDONESIA

J11/P2/Q1 THE DHAKA STOCK EXCHANGE IS DOING WELL

N11/P2/Q1 THE STRUGGLES OF THE IVORY COAST’S COCOA FARMERS

J12/P2/Q1 CHINA DECIDES TO MOVE TOWARDS A MORE FLEXIBLE EXCHANGE RATE

N12/P2/Q1 A NEW CITY IS TO BE BUILT IN GHANA

J13/P2/Q1 THE COMMUNICATIONS MONOPOLY IN MEXICO

N13/P2/Q1 PRICES RISE FASTER THAN WAGES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM (UK)

J14/P2/Q1 THE CHALLENGES FACING ANGOLA

N14/P2/Q1 FISCAL POLICY AND AN AGEING POPULATION IN JAPAN

J15/P2/Q1 PERU AND PANAMA

NOVEMBER 2015 PAPER 22

JUNE 2016 PAPER 22

NOVEMBER 2016 PAPER 22

JUNE 2017 PAPER 22

NOVEMBER 2017 PAPER 22